【Android】【录音】Android录音--AudioRecord、MediaRecorder-白红宇

【Android】【录音】Android录音--AudioRecord、MediaRecorder

阅读量：5974 次

发布时间：2019-06-19

本文共 20534 字，大约阅读时间需要 68 分钟。

Android提供了两个API用于实现录音功能：android.media.AudioRecord、android.media.MediaRecorder。

网上有很多谈论这两个类的资料。现在大致总结下：

1、AudioRecord

主要是实现边录边播（AudioRecord+AudioTrack）以及对音频的实时处理（如会说话的汤姆猫、语音）

优点：语音的实时处理，可以用代码实现各种音频的封装

缺点：输出是PCM语音数据，如果保存成音频文件，是不能够被播放器播放的，所以必须先写代码实现数据编码以及压缩

示例：

使用AudioRecord类录音，并实现WAV格式封装。录音20s，输出的音频文件大概为3.5M左右（已写测试代码）

2、MediaRecorder

已经集成了录音、编码、压缩等，支持少量的录音音频格式，大概有.aac（API = 16） .amr .3gp

优点：大部分以及集成，直接调用相关接口即可，代码量小

缺点：无法实时处理音频；输出的音频格式不是很多，例如没有输出mp3格式文件

示例：

使用MediaRecorder类录音，输出amr格式文件。录音20s，输出的音频文件大概为33K（已写测试代码）

3、音频格式比较

WAV格式：录音质量高，但是压缩率小，文件大

AAC格式：相对于mp3，AAC格式的音质更佳，文件更小；有损压缩；一般苹果或者Android SDK4.1.2（API 16）及以上版本支持播放

AMR格式：压缩比比较大，但相对其他的压缩格式质量比较差，多用于人声，通话录音

至于常用的mp3格式，使用MediaRecorder没有该视频格式输出。一些人的做法是使用AudioRecord录音，然后编码成wav格式，再转换成mp3格式

再贴上一些测试工程。

功能描述：

1、点击“录音WAV文件”，开始录音。录音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.wav

2、点击“录音AMR文件”，开始录音。录音完成后，生成文件/sdcard/FinalAudio.amr

3、点击“停止录音”，停止录音，并显示录音输出文件以及该文件大小。

大致代码如下：

1、AudioRecord录音，封装成WAV格式

package com.example.audiorecordtest;import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import android.media.AudioFormat;import android.media.AudioRecord;public class AudioRecordFunc {     // 缓冲区字节大小      private int bufferSizeInBytes = 0;        //AudioName裸音频数据文件 ，麦克风    private String AudioName = "";          //NewAudioName可播放的音频文件      private String NewAudioName = "";        private AudioRecord audioRecord;      private boolean isRecord = false;// 设置正在录制的状态              private static AudioRecordFunc mInstance;              private AudioRecordFunc(){    	    }           public synchronized static AudioRecordFunc getInstance()    {        if(mInstance == null)         	mInstance = new AudioRecordFunc();         return mInstance;     }        public int startRecordAndFile() {    	//判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard    	if(AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())    	{    		if(isRecord)    		{    			return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;    		}    		else    		{    			if(audioRecord == null)    				creatAudioRecord();    			    			audioRecord.startRecording();          		// 让录制状态为true          		isRecord = true;          		// 开启音频文件写入线程          		new Thread(new AudioRecordThread()).start();          		        		return ErrorCode.SUCCESS;    		}    		    	}    	    	else    	{    		return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;    		    	}    	    }        public void stopRecordAndFile() {          close();      }            public long getRecordFileSize(){    	return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(NewAudioName);    }          private void close() {          if (audioRecord != null) {              System.out.println("stopRecord");              isRecord = false;//停止文件写入              audioRecord.stop();              audioRecord.release();//释放资源              audioRecord = null;          }      }            private void creatAudioRecord() {      	// 获取音频文件路径    	AudioName = AudioFileFunc.getRawFilePath();    	NewAudioName = AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath();     	        // 获得缓冲区字节大小          bufferSizeInBytes = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,          		AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);                  // 创建AudioRecord对象          audioRecord = new AudioRecord(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT, AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE,          		AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, bufferSizeInBytes);      }    		class AudioRecordThread implements Runnable {          @Override          public void run() {              writeDateTOFile();//往文件中写入裸数据              copyWaveFile(AudioName, NewAudioName);//给裸数据加上头文件          }      }        /**      * 这里将数据写入文件，但是并不能播放，因为AudioRecord获得的音频是原始的裸音频，      * 如果需要播放就必须加入一些格式或者编码的头信息。但是这样的好处就是你可以对音频的 裸数据进行处理，比如你要做一个爱说话的TOM      * 猫在这里就进行音频的处理，然后重新封装 所以说这样得到的音频比较容易做一些音频的处理。      */      private void writeDateTOFile() {          // new一个byte数组用来存一些字节数据，大小为缓冲区大小          byte[] audiodata = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes];          FileOutputStream fos = null;          int readsize = 0;          try {              File file = new File(AudioName);              if (file.exists()) {                  file.delete();              }              fos = new FileOutputStream(file);// 建立一个可存取字节的文件          } catch (Exception e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }          while (isRecord == true) {              readsize = audioRecord.read(audiodata, 0, bufferSizeInBytes);              if (AudioRecord.ERROR_INVALID_OPERATION != readsize && fos!=null) {                  try {                      fos.write(audiodata);                  } catch (IOException e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }          }          try {        	if(fos != null)        		fos.close();// 关闭写入流          } catch (IOException e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }      }        // 这里得到可播放的音频文件      private void copyWaveFile(String inFilename, String outFilename) {          FileInputStream in = null;          FileOutputStream out = null;          long totalAudioLen = 0;          long totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36;          long longSampleRate = AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE;          int channels = 2;          long byteRate = 16 * AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE * channels / 8;          byte[] data = new byte[bufferSizeInBytes];          try {              in = new FileInputStream(inFilename);              out = new FileOutputStream(outFilename);              totalAudioLen = in.getChannel().size();              totalDataLen = totalAudioLen + 36;              WriteWaveFileHeader(out, totalAudioLen, totalDataLen,                      longSampleRate, channels, byteRate);              while (in.read(data) != -1) {                  out.write(data);              }              in.close();              out.close();          } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {              e.printStackTrace();          } catch (IOException e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }      }        /**      * 这里提供一个头信息。插入这些信息就可以得到可以播放的文件。      * 为我为啥插入这44个字节，这个还真没深入研究，不过你随便打开一个wav      * 音频的文件，可以发现前面的头文件可以说基本一样哦。每种格式的文件都有      * 自己特有的头文件。      */      private void WriteWaveFileHeader(FileOutputStream out, long totalAudioLen,              long totalDataLen, long longSampleRate, int channels, long byteRate)              throws IOException {          byte[] header = new byte[44];          header[0] = 'R'; // RIFF/WAVE header          header[1] = 'I';          header[2] = 'F';          header[3] = 'F';          header[4] = (byte) (totalDataLen & 0xff);          header[5] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 8) & 0xff);          header[6] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 16) & 0xff);          header[7] = (byte) ((totalDataLen >> 24) & 0xff);          header[8] = 'W';          header[9] = 'A';          header[10] = 'V';          header[11] = 'E';          header[12] = 'f'; // 'fmt ' chunk          header[13] = 'm';          header[14] = 't';          header[15] = ' ';          header[16] = 16; // 4 bytes: size of 'fmt ' chunk          header[17] = 0;          header[18] = 0;          header[19] = 0;          header[20] = 1; // format = 1          header[21] = 0;          header[22] = (byte) channels;          header[23] = 0;          header[24] = (byte) (longSampleRate & 0xff);          header[25] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 8) & 0xff);          header[26] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 16) & 0xff);          header[27] = (byte) ((longSampleRate >> 24) & 0xff);          header[28] = (byte) (byteRate & 0xff);          header[29] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 8) & 0xff);          header[30] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 16) & 0xff);          header[31] = (byte) ((byteRate >> 24) & 0xff);          header[32] = (byte) (2 * 16 / 8); // block align          header[33] = 0;          header[34] = 16; // bits per sample          header[35] = 0;          header[36] = 'd';          header[37] = 'a';          header[38] = 't';          header[39] = 'a';          header[40] = (byte) (totalAudioLen & 0xff);          header[41] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 8) & 0xff);          header[42] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 16) & 0xff);          header[43] = (byte) ((totalAudioLen >> 24) & 0xff);          out.write(header, 0, 44);      }  }

2、MediaRecorder录音，输出amr格式音频

package com.example.audiorecordtest;import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import android.media.MediaRecorder;public class MediaRecordFunc {		private boolean isRecord = false;		private MediaRecorder mMediaRecorder;	private MediaRecordFunc(){	}		private static MediaRecordFunc mInstance;	public synchronized static MediaRecordFunc getInstance(){		if(mInstance == null)			mInstance = new MediaRecordFunc();		return mInstance;	}		public int startRecordAndFile(){		//判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard    	if(AudioFileFunc.isSdcardExit())    	{    		if(isRecord)    		{    			return ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING;    		}    		else    		{    			if(mMediaRecorder == null)    				createMediaRecord();    			    			try{    				mMediaRecorder.prepare();    				mMediaRecorder.start();    				// 让录制状态为true      				isRecord = true;    				return ErrorCode.SUCCESS;    			}catch(IOException ex){    				ex.printStackTrace();    				return ErrorCode.E_UNKOWN;    			}    		}    		    	}    	    	else    	{    		return ErrorCode.E_NOSDCARD;    		    	}    		}			public void stopRecordAndFile(){		 close();	}		public long getRecordFileSize(){    	return AudioFileFunc.getFileSize(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());    }			private void createMediaRecord(){		 /* ①Initial：实例化MediaRecorder对象 */		mMediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder();				/* setAudioSource/setVedioSource*/		mMediaRecorder.setAudioSource(AudioFileFunc.AUDIO_INPUT);//设置麦克风				/* 设置输出文件的格式：THREE_GPP/MPEG-4/RAW_AMR/Default		 * THREE_GPP(3gp格式，H263视频/ARM音频编码)、MPEG-4、RAW_AMR(只支持音频且音频编码要求为AMR_NB)		 */		 mMediaRecorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.DEFAULT);		 		 /* 设置音频文件的编码：AAC/AMR_NB/AMR_MB/Default */		 mMediaRecorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT);		 		 /* 设置输出文件的路径 */		 File file = new File(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());         if (file.exists()) {               file.delete();           } 		 mMediaRecorder.setOutputFile(AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath());	}			private void close(){		if (mMediaRecorder != null) {              System.out.println("stopRecord");              isRecord = false;            mMediaRecorder.stop();              mMediaRecorder.release();              mMediaRecorder = null;        }  	}}

3、其他文件

AudioFileFunc.java

package com.example.audiorecordtest;import java.io.File;import android.media.MediaRecorder;import android.os.Environment;public class AudioFileFunc {	//音频输入-麦克风	public final static int AUDIO_INPUT = MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC;		//采用频率	//44100是目前的标准，但是某些设备仍然支持22050，16000，11025	public final static int AUDIO_SAMPLE_RATE = 44100;	//44.1KHz,普遍使用的频率		//录音输出文件	private final static String AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME = "RawAudio.raw";	private final static String AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.wav";	public final static String AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME = "FinalAudio.amr";		/**	 * 判断是否有外部存储设备sdcard	 * @return true | false	 */	public static boolean isSdcardExit(){    	    	if (Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(android.os.Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))    		return true;    	else    		return false;    }			/**	 * 获取麦克风输入的原始音频流文件路径	 * @return	 */	public static String getRawFilePath(){		String mAudioRawPath = "";		if(isSdcardExit()){			String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();    		mAudioRawPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_RAW_FILENAME;		}					return mAudioRawPath;	}		/**	 * 获取编码后的WAV格式音频文件路径	 * @return	 */	public static String getWavFilePath(){		String mAudioWavPath = "";		if(isSdcardExit()){			String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();			mAudioWavPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_WAV_FILENAME;		}		return mAudioWavPath;	}			/**	 * 获取编码后的AMR格式音频文件路径	 * @return	 */	public static String getAMRFilePath(){		String mAudioAMRPath = "";		if(isSdcardExit()){			String fileBasePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath();			mAudioAMRPath = fileBasePath+"/"+AUDIO_AMR_FILENAME;		}		return mAudioAMRPath;	}				/**	 * 获取文件大小	 * @param path,文件的绝对路径	 * @return	 */	public static long getFileSize(String path){		File mFile = new File(path);    	if(!mFile.exists())    		return -1;    	return mFile.length();	}}

4、其他文件

ErrorCode.java

package com.example.audiorecordtest;import android.content.Context;import android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException;public class ErrorCode {	public final static int SUCCESS = 1000;	public final static int E_NOSDCARD = 1001;	public final static int E_STATE_RECODING = 1002;	public final static int E_UNKOWN = 1003;			public static String getErrorInfo(Context vContext, int vType) throws NotFoundException	{		switch(vType)		{		case SUCCESS:			return "success";		case E_NOSDCARD:			return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_no_sdcard);		case E_STATE_RECODING:			return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_state_record);			case E_UNKOWN:		default:			return vContext.getResources().getString(R.string.error_unknown);								}	}}

5、string.xml


    
        
     
      AudioRecordTest
         
     
      测试AudioRecord，实现录音功能
         
     
      Settings
         
     
      录音WAV文件
         
     
      录音AMR文件
         
     
      停止录音
             
     
      没有SD卡，无法存储录音数据
         
     
      正在录音中，请先停止录音
         
     
      无法识别的错误

6、主程序MainActivity

package com.example.audiorecordtest; import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.util.Log;import android.view.Menu;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends Activity {    private final static int FLAG_WAV = 0;    private final static int FLAG_AMR = 1;    private int mState = -1;    //-1:没再录制，0：录制wav，1：录制amr    private Button btn_record_wav;    private Button btn_record_amr;    private Button btn_stop;    private TextView txt;    private UIHandler uiHandler;    private UIThread uiThread;     @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        findViewByIds();        setListeners();        init();    }     @Override    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.activity_main, menu);        return true;    }    private void findViewByIds(){        btn_record_wav = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_wav);        btn_record_amr = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_record_amr);        btn_stop = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btn_stop);        txt = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.text);    }    private void setListeners(){        btn_record_wav.setOnClickListener(btn_record_wav_clickListener);        btn_record_amr.setOnClickListener(btn_record_amr_clickListener);        btn_stop.setOnClickListener(btn_stop_clickListener);    }    private void init(){        uiHandler = new UIHandler();            }    private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_wav_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){        public void onClick(View v){            record(FLAG_WAV);        }    };    private Button.OnClickListener btn_record_amr_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){        public void onClick(View v){            record(FLAG_AMR);        }    };    private Button.OnClickListener btn_stop_clickListener = new Button.OnClickListener(){        public void onClick(View v){            stop();             }    };    /**     * 开始录音     * @param mFlag，0：录制wav格式，1：录音amr格式     */    private void record(int mFlag){        if(mState != -1){            Message msg = new Message();            Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据            b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);            b.putInt("msg", ErrorCode.E_STATE_RECODING);            msg.setData(b);             uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI            return;        }         int mResult = -1;        switch(mFlag){                case FLAG_WAV:            AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();            mResult = mRecord_1.startRecordAndFile();                        break;        case FLAG_AMR:            MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();            mResult = mRecord_2.startRecordAndFile();            break;        }        if(mResult == ErrorCode.SUCCESS){            uiThread = new UIThread();            new Thread(uiThread).start();            mState = mFlag;        }else{            Message msg = new Message();            Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据            b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDFAIL);            b.putInt("msg", mResult);            msg.setData(b);             uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI        }    }    /**     * 停止录音     */    private void stop(){        if(mState != -1){            switch(mState){            case FLAG_WAV:                AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();                mRecord_1.stopRecordAndFile();                break;            case FLAG_AMR:                MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();                mRecord_2.stopRecordAndFile();                break;            }                        if(uiThread != null){                uiThread.stopThread();            }            if(uiHandler != null)                uiHandler.removeCallbacks(uiThread);             Message msg = new Message();            Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据            b.putInt("cmd",CMD_STOP);            b.putInt("msg", mState);            msg.setData(b);            uiHandler.sendMessageDelayed(msg,1000); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI             mState = -1;        }    }        private final static int CMD_RECORDING_TIME = 2000;    private final static int CMD_RECORDFAIL = 2001;    private final static int CMD_STOP = 2002;    class UIHandler extends Handler{        public UIHandler() {        }        @Override        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {            // TODO Auto-generated method stub            Log.d("MyHandler", "handleMessage......");            super.handleMessage(msg);            Bundle b = msg.getData();            int vCmd = b.getInt("cmd");            switch(vCmd)            {            case CMD_RECORDING_TIME:                int vTime = b.getInt("msg");                MainActivity.this.txt.setText("正在录音中，已录制："+vTime+" s");                break;            case CMD_RECORDFAIL:                int vErrorCode = b.getInt("msg");                String vMsg = ErrorCode.getErrorInfo(MainActivity.this, vErrorCode);                MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音失败："+vMsg);                break;            case CMD_STOP:                                int vFileType = b.getInt("msg");                switch(vFileType){                case FLAG_WAV:                    AudioRecordFunc mRecord_1 = AudioRecordFunc.getInstance();                     long mSize = mRecord_1.getRecordFileSize();                    MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已停止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getWavFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);                    break;                case FLAG_AMR:                                        MediaRecordFunc mRecord_2 = MediaRecordFunc.getInstance();                    mSize = mRecord_2.getRecordFileSize();                    MainActivity.this.txt.setText("录音已停止.录音文件:"+AudioFileFunc.getAMRFilePath()+"\n文件大小："+mSize);                    break;                }                break;            default:                break;            }        }    };    class UIThread implements Runnable {                int mTimeMill = 0;        boolean vRun = true;        public void stopThread(){            vRun = false;        }        public void run() {            while(vRun){                try {                    Thread.sleep(1000);                } catch (InterruptedException e) {                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block                    e.printStackTrace();                }                mTimeMill ++;                Log.d("thread", "mThread........"+mTimeMill);                Message msg = new Message();                Bundle b = new Bundle();// 存放数据                b.putInt("cmd",CMD_RECORDING_TIME);                b.putInt("msg", mTimeMill);                msg.setData(b);                 MainActivity.this.uiHandler.sendMessage(msg); // 向Handler发送消息,更新UI            }         }    } }

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